Read about science and nature
key notes :
Introduction to Science and Nature
- Science helps us understand the world around us.
- Nature includes plants, animals, water, air, and land.
Living and Non-Living Things
- Living things grow, move, breathe, and reproduce (e.g., animals, plants).
- Non-living things do not grow, breathe, or need food (e.g., rocks, water).
The Importance of Nature
- Nature provides food, water, and shelter for living things.
- We must take care of nature by reducing pollution and planting trees.
Basic Science Concepts
- Water cycle: Evaporation, condensation, precipitation.
- Weather and seasons: Summer, winter, spring, autumn.
Plants and Animals
- Plants make their food using sunlight (photosynthesis).
- Animals need food, water, and air to survive.
Earth and Space
- The Earth is a planet in the solar system.
- The Sun gives us light and heat.
- The Moon changes its shape (phases of the Moon).
Caring for the Environment
- Reduce, reuse, and recycle waste.
- Save water and electricity.
- Protect animals and plants by keeping nature clean.
Fun Facts About Science and Nature
- Some animals hibernate in winter.
- Volcanoes erupt with hot lava.
- Some plants eat insects (e.g., Venus flytrap).
Learn with an example
💦Read the text.
A Special Stone
Magnets have been used for thousands of years, but it’s not clear who first discovered them. Some say that it was a Greek man named Magnes. One day, his shoes became stuck to a large rock. He discovered that this rock could pull metal things towards it. He decided that the rock must be pulling at the metal nails in his shoes. He had found the first magnet!
People were amazed by this rock that could pull metal towards it. The rock came to be known as magnetite. People had different ideas about what this special rock could do. Some people said that magnetite was so powerful that it could cause whole ships to disappear. They thought there were islands full of magnetite that could pull ships towards them, making them sink. But other people began looking for ways that magnetite could be used for good.
One invention that used magnetite to help people was the compass. A compass has a needle that shows directions like north or south. This makes the compass a useful tool for helping people find their way. Compasses also made it possible for more people to travel safely across the ocean. Thanks to the compass, ships could sail through dense fog. Following a compass kept the ship on its path, even though the sailors couldn’t see through the fog. Today, ships big and small use magnetic compasses to journey safely across the seas.
💦 What is the text about?
- It is about the dangers of magnets.
- It is about the person who invented magnets.
- It is about the history and use of magnets.
The text says that magnets have been used for thousands of years.They may have been discovered in Greece. The text also tells you that the rock is now called magnetite and that it is used to make compasses for ships.
So, the text is about the history and use of magnets.
💦Read the text.
Underwater Cities
Coral reefs are found all over the world’s oceans. They are made up of the skeletons of small animals called corals. Many fish, animals and plants live in or near coral reefs. For example, certain kinds of seahorses, turtles and sea sponges all call coral reefs home.
Even though coral reefs are found in many different parts of the world, they all need the same things to live. First, coral reefs need lots of sunlight. The sun warms the water and makes the coral reefs grow. Sunlight also helps algae grow. Algae are living things that corals eat. The more the corals have to eat, the larger their reefs will grow. Coral reefs also grow well in places with an abundance of waves. When there are many waves, food can move around the reef more easily. Waves can also help keep the reef free of sand and dirt.
Coral reefs can’t grow without all the things discussed above. So, they are often in danger if their environment is harmed or disturbed. And if a reef is damaged, it is not easy to fix. Large coral reefs can take thousands of years to form, even when they are protected from all dangers. Since so many plants and animals depend on coral reefs, it’s important to keep these ‘cities of the ocean’ safe.
💦 What is the text about?
- It is about why coral reefs are home to so many different fish.
- It is about where coral reefs are and what they need to grow.
- It is about what happens after coral reefs form in the ocean.
The text says that coral reefs are found in many different parts of the world and that they all need the same things to grow. It then goes on to give examples of some of these things.
So, the text is about where coral reefs are and what they need to grow.
let’s practice!
Read the text.
Frozen Giants
When snow sits long enough in a cold place, it can become a glacier. Glaciers are very large blocks of ice. The smallest glacier is about the size of fourteen football fields! Because of this, you might think that it would be impossible for glaciers to move. But glaciers can actually move by themselves.
One way glaciers move is by sliding. When part of a glacier melts, the glacier can slide around on the ground, as if it were on a wet floor. Then the whole glacier can flow downhill, like a river.
Glaciers don’t flow as quickly as a river, though. Most of them usually move less than eight hundred metres each year. Sometimes, however, a glacier can move quickly. This is called a surge. During a surge, a glacier can move one hundred times faster than usual. A surge can last for weeks or even months.
Even though glaciers are usually slow, they are quite powerful. When glaciers move, they pick up rocks in their path and carry them along. Because of this, glaciers can alter the way the land around them looks. For example, they can form hills, valleys and lakes. In fact, glaciers helped shape many famous places, from Snowdonia in Wales to the Matterhorn in Switzerland.